Boiler



April 7, 1953 L. LANGVAND BOILER 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March l2, 1946 INVENTCR fvar L. L any1/dnd ATTORNEY Fig 2 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 l. L. LANGVAND BOILEB Filed March 12, 1946 lNvENToR [Va/"[.angl/and ATTORNEY no m. 0 00 coco oooooo oooooooo gno 0 S mws April 7, 1953 Filed March l2, 1946 0 OOOOOOOOOOOO .06060 OOOO OOOOOO l. L. LANGVAND BOILER 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 ATTORNEY A'pifil 7, 1953 L. LANGVAND BOILER '7 sheets-sheet 5 Fil-ed March 12, 1946 fig. I2

g lNvEN-roR A/l/arl'. any1/and ATTORNEY April 7, 1953 l. l.. LANGVAND BOILER 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed March 12, 1946.

INVENTOR y fl/ar-La ngi/and ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 7, 1953 BOILER Ivar L. Langvand, Barberton, Ohio, assignor to The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Rockleigh, N. J., a corporation of New Jersey Application March 12, 1946, Serial No. 653,843

The invention herein disclosed relates to the vconstruction andl operation of vapor generating 'ably arranged in a bank extending between opposite walls of the setting and the heating gases which enter from the combustion chamber adjacent one of the walls are usually directed horizontally in one or more heating gas passes across the boiler tubes for discharge from the setting adjacent the opposite wall.

An important object of my invention is the provision of a boiler of the above mentioned type affording higher vapor generating capacity than heretoforeattainable for a given area of floor space occupied.

Another object of my invention is the provision of kan associated combustion chamber suitably constructed for the use of various kinds of fuels, liquid, solid or gaseous, including especially a finelyv divided solid fuel such as pulverized coal.

An radditional object of my invention is the provision of a vertically extended combustion chamber affording enlarged furnace volume, and having fluid cooled walls formed by tightly spaced iiuid: carrying tubes affording increased heat absorption surface. A further object is the provision of gas iiow passes across convection heated boiler surface affording low draft loss and providing improved distribution of horizontal heating gas flow over substantially the entire available heating surface of an upright bank of tubes.

. Other objects relate to the arrangement of gas `passes and the discharge of gases therefrom; the

trapping of soot from gases flowing through the passes; the superheating of vapor in one of the passes; vthe desuperheating of vapor in apparatus submerged within a boiler drum beneath certain passes; and the provision of openings between tightly spaced wall tubes, together with the provision of suitable closure means for such openings.

A The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming va part of this specification. For` a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its use, reference-shouldbe had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated. and described preferred embodiments of my invention. l

Of the drawings,

Figs. land 2 are sectional front elevations, in

2 Claims. (Cl. 122-336) parallel planes, of a boiler embodying various features of my invention; v

Fig. 3 is a section, in plan, of the boiler illustrated in Figs. l and 2, taken along line 3-3 in each;

Figs. 4 and 5 are fragmentary sectional elevations showing certain baie arrangements taken along lines liand 5 5 respectively of Fig. 3;

Figs, 6, '7 and 8 are fragmentary front, side and plan sections, respectively, showing a modified bafiie arrangement;

Figs. 9, 10 and 11 yare fragmentary front, side and plan sections, respectively, showing another modified baffle arrangement;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary side section, similar to Fig. l0 showing a further modified baffle arrangement;

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary rear elevation, partly broken away, illustrating connections between a superheater and an attemperator, both associated with the boiler;

Fig. 14 is a, longitudinal sectionthrough the lower boiler drum, taken along line I4-I4 of Fig. 13, showing the attemperator;

Fig. 15 is a transverse section, taken along line Iii-I5 of Fig. 14; k

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary horizontal section, taken along line Iii-I6 of Fig. 1, showing details of the furnace wall construction;

Fig. 17 is a sectional side view related to Fig. 16, taken along line Iii-I6;

Figs. 18 and 19 are fragmentary views related to Fig. 16, taken along lines I8-I8 and I9-I9 espectively showing certain wall tube formaions;

Fig. 20 is a fragmentary plan view, similar to Fig. 16, showing a modiiied construction; and

Fig. 2l is a projected side view of Fig. 20 showing an element included therein.

In more detail, Figs. 1, 2 and 3 illustrate an embodiment of my invention in the form of an integral furnace boiler having a setting of substantially rectangular horizontal cross section generally defined by upright front and rear walls I0 and II, respectively, together with opposing upright side walls I2 and I3, the space within the setting being partitioned as by an upright interior partition wall I4 to provide a boiler tube space I5 laterally adjoining the upper portion of a furnace or combustion chamber I6, the side wall I3 being extended over the combustion chamber to form an upper enclosing wall or roof Il. The combustion chamber extends downwardly below the level of boiler space I5 where its lower end is suitably formed as an ash hopper I8 having inclined side wall or floor portions I9 and 2| converging downwardly toward a rectangular throat passage 23 for discharging ash or other solids into an ash pit 24 positioned therebelow. InA the construction disclosed, the inclined hopper walls I9 and 2l are essentially lower extensions of the upright setting wall I3 and partition wall .I4

3 respectively which thus constitute the side walls of combustion chamber I6. One or more burners 25 of a type suitable for the fuel tobe burned are installed in association with the front wall I0, for example, to provide a source of heating gases.

Air for combustion is supplied to the burners Y Yheating gases is maintained from the combustion chamber I6. A soot hopper 34 is formed at the -bottom of'boiler space -I5 adjacent the side wall |2, adischarge opening 35 being provided below-'each of the gas passes 3|, 32, andY 33, the lowerend of baille v29 extending across soot hopper` 34 lto prevent the bypassing of heating gases around tubes in passes 32 and 33. If desired, a separate-wall member mayy be utilized for the same purpose. The Aspent gases are vdischarged from the setting through a breeching I2I .and dampered outlet 36, suitably from an upper portion of the final pass 33 as indicated in Fig. 2,

for example, the breeching having outwardly displa-ced wall portions |22 and |21 to lprovide adequate gas discharge area past boiler drum 38. Outlet=36 is connected to the usual stack or other draft apparatus to induce a ow of heating gases'from the furnace and through the passes vof the boiler. l

The boiler includes upper and lower drums 33 and A39,-respectively, having their longitudinal axes in a common substantially-vertical plane, Vthe'drums being connected-by a bank ofupright boiler tubes J4| disposed -within the boiler tube space l between-front and rear walls I0 and II.

In* thev embodiment disclosed, the. boiler bank tubes 4I have the major'portions of their lengths straightand vertically disposed with their upper and lower end portions bent to enter the respective drum walls radially, such tubes being suitably arranged in parallel rows extending longitudinally of drums 38and 39, preferably with the tubes 4Ia in the rst pass 3| larger in diameter and-more widely-spa-ced than tubes 4|b in either of the succeedingpasses 32 and 33. The tubes of bank 4I include tubes contiguous to both sides of eachbathe-28 and 29,such tubes serving to cool and support Vthe baffles and comprising tubes 4I@ and 4Id in transverse rows along opposite sides of baille 28, and tubes 4 Im and 4 In in other trans verse rows along opposite sides-of baffle 29.

Each of the setting walls I0, II, I2, I3, and partition wall I4 comprises at least one row of iluid cooling tubes |0a, IIa, *|2a, I3a, and |40, respectively, suitably connected to drums 38 and 39 toprovide natural circulation ow paths in parallel with the boiler bank 4 I. In the front and rear walls I0 and II, the tubes I0a, or'IIa, as the case may be, have their lower ends Vconnected to ahe'ader 43 and their upper ends to a header 45, each lower header 43 being connected to the lower boiler drum 39 through make-up connections 46, land each upper header 45 being connected to the upper boiler drum 38 through riser connections 41. Other tubes I0b and IIb adjoining portions of front and rear walls I0 and II, and tubes |2a adjoining side-wall I2, have Vtheir upper and lower ends connected to drums 33 and 39 asin the case of boiler tubes 4'|'.`V

` In wall I3 which defines the outer boundary of combustion chamber I 6, the tubes I3a have their lower ends connected to a side wall header 48 having make-up connections 49 from the lower boiler drum 39, the upper ends of tubes I3a being connected to the upper boiler drum 38 in rows circumferentially spaced from the upper end connections of boiler "bank tubes 4|.

It will be notedfrom Fig. 3 that the tubes associated with walls I I and I3 in certain higher temperature zones are more closely spaced than those associated with walls I0 and I2 in lower temperature zones. y'lhus in order to Vprovide the maximum cooling effectV and rat the samel timeattain maximum `heat absorbing capacity, the tubesgl Ia and I3a are arranged in theirv respective rows at center-to-center spacings substantially equal:V to their diameters, thereby providing an essentially closed wall structure.

In wall I4 which defines the inner boundary of combustion chamber I6, thetubesI401have their lower ends connected to a side wall header 5| to which make-up connections 52 are vprovided from the lower boiler drum 39, the upper,A ends of tubes |40 being connected to the 'upper'boil'er drum 38 in rows intermediate the upper end connections of tubes 4I and I3a. In the'inclined hopper wall 2| the tubes |40 are arranged in'a single row at center-to-center spacings-substantially equal to their diameters as inthe' case-of rear wall tubes IIa and iside wall tubes |3a. Above hopper wall 2|, the tubes |40 may be regarded as comprising three groups |4a. I4b, and I4c, as determined by .their form and arrangement. In group |411 the tubes are Yextended upwardly in a single row to form the upper portion of wall I4 which partitions theboiler space I5 from the furnace chamber I6, the. spacing: of tubes I4a being the same as tubes. |40 in hopper wall 2 I, and certain tubes I4a being bent outrfrom the longitudinal plane of the partition to'form a relatively narrow extension baffle 53 to further the redistribution of heating gases before entering the first pass 3|.: In groups |4b andY |40 the tubes extend upwardly across theentrance'to gas pass 3| in rows paralleling the rows ofl boiler tubes 4|, the tubes I4b being arranged in asingle row at center-to-center spacings of twice their diameters, while tubes |4c are arranged in,v two rows, and staggered, at center-to-center spacings of four times their diameters in each' row, thereby forming a slag screen. l'

A superheater 56 is positioned in the rst pass 3| rearwardly of the slagl screen Aand Vbetween spaced rows `of boiler tubes 4|a, ythe superheater comprising upwardly extending loops formedA as U-tubes 57 and` 58`connected to inlet,.interme diate, and outlet headers 59, 6I, and 62, the'inlet connections '63 for conductingsteam or other vapor to inlet header 59 extending downwardly along side wall I2 Abetween spaced tubes |2a. A baie 64 extends upwardly from drum 39 and across the superheater loops to vprotect headers 59, 6I, 82 from the hot gases entering the first pass 3|, the baflie f 64 also defining the lower boundary of the passage available for gas flow over the superheater tubes. x A baiile 65 supported on a row of boiler tubes 4Ia extends downwardly from upper drum 38 to partially close off the'space between the drum and the upper. ends ofthe superheater loops, thereby conning' heating gas ow substantially to the space occupied=bysu perheater tubes and promoting greater uniformity of gas distribution thereover,V Baiiie` 65 is's'uitaeaasar.

ably made in removable sections to permit adjustment of the space through which gases may bypass superheater surface.

The transverse bafes 28 and 29 between passes 3|, 32, 33, are preferably formed, as in Figs. 4 and 5 for example, to effect substantial equalizationof heating gas ow across boiler tubes 4| throughout the height of the bank, each baifle being of varying width from bottom to top so that vertically elongated openings between adjacent passes have greater flow resistance or restriction in the upper portions thereof as compared with the lower portions, whereby the flow of heating gases will be more uniformly distributed throughout the vertical height of the tube bank, the varying ow restriction compensating for the stack effect and the location of the gas outlet from the upper portion of the last pass 33 at a point ren moved from the gas inlet.

Bale 28 at the entrance to second pass 32 is of maximum width throughout its upper portion having an edge 31 vertical and parallel to the adjacent side wall I2, the lower` portion of the barile being narrower with an edge 38 also vertical and parallel to side wall I2. Baiile 29 at the entrance to third pass 33 is similarly of maximum width throughout its upper portion having an upper edge 69 inclined downwardly away from the adjacent partition wall M, the lower portion of the baffle being narrower with an edge 1| Vertical and parallel to partition wall ld.

Figs. 6, 7 and 8 illustrate a modified interpass balie arrangement whereby an increased area of gas outlet i5 is provided for gases leaving the setting. In this arrangement the rectangular outlet is of a longitudinal dimension greater than the width of pass 33 and thus overlies a portion of the preceding pass 32'. The cross baie 16 between passes 32 and 33 suitably comprises tile 18 laid up between adjacent rows of tubes Mm and Mn and providing an upper bale portion of notched formation as defined by horizontal and vertical edges 19 and 8| respectively. An inclined baiile 82, suitably of monolithic refractory construction, extends upwardly from the upper horizontal baflle edge 19 to the lower end of monolithic vertical baffle 83 which is joined to outlet 15 by the vertical breeching end wall |29, the baie 83 terminating in an outer edge conforming to the curvature of adjacent tubes I2a between which it is disposed. Baiile 32 engages certain tubes |2a and lib along opposite parallel margins and is extended laterally by the upwardly inclined breeching wall |28 which terminates at its upper end in the vertical breeching end wall |29. The gas discharge passage is further dened by a monolithic baffle 84 extending downwardly from drum 38 between longitudinal rows of boiler tubes 4|b and joined to or abutting the ends of baies 16, 82 and 83.

Breeching |2| is formed with a marginal iiange 85 by which it is secured to successive tubes |2aalongside wall l2, the flange 85 extending horizontally and rearwardly from front wall I9 at a level adjacent the horizontal notch edge 19, and continuing upwardly along the outer margin of inclined barile 82, then along a tube |2a adjacent the outer face of baffle 83 to a point adjacent drum 33, the end wall |29 adjacent wall I9 being similarly secured along its margin 86 to a tube |2a at the end of the row. End walls |29 may also be suitably secured to drum 38. Although the specific manner of attachment to tubes |2a is not indicated, it will be understood that various 6"? known holding means maybe employed includ-l ing, for example, threaded studs and nuts, in

which case the studs would be secured to theA tubes. i

Figs. 9-12 show two additional modiedbale arrangements providing increased gas discharge area from the final pass 33, in each form the rectangular gas outlet 15 overlying a portion of pass 32 as in the previously described modification. In Figs. 9-11, the lnterpass bailie 81 is suitably formed of metal plate notched in the manner of tile baiiie 16 to provide a horizontal upper edge 19a and an adjoining vertical edge isla, a metal baffle plate or bale portion 82a inclining upwardly from edge 19a to the lower edge of a vertical baiile plate or portion 83a which connects with an end wall of outlet 15. A metal bale plate 34a extends downwardly from drum 38 to form the inner wall of the gas discharge passage, the plate 84a, conforming to the contour of the outer longitudinal row of boiler tubes 4|b and being supported and cooled thereby. The inclined portion 82a of bafe 81, and its vertical portion 83a, are supported and cooled by the correspondingly inclined and vertical portions Mx and My of the adjacent row of boiler tubes 4|m, three such supporting and cooling tubes being indicated in Fig. l1. The lower portion of baiiie 81 is maintained vertical as indicated in Fig. 10 from which it will also be noted that the lower portions Mw of tubes 4|m are reversely bent clear of baiile 81 to enter lower drum 39 in vertical planar alignment with their upper end conend connections to drum 39.

In the arrangement illustrated in Fig. l2, with baie 81 formed as in Fig. 10, tubes 4|m and im at opposite sides are. reversely bent to conform to the upper inclined and vertical baie portions 82a and 83a, and are additionally bent as at Mz to return them to their original vertical planes for connection to upper boiler drum 38 in vertical planar alignment with their lower and connections to drum 39.

The superheater 56 in first pass 3| is of the multipass type having each of its headers 59, 6| and 62 transversely divided as by a partition wall 9|, as indicated in Fig. 3, to provide primary sections 59a, Bla, 32a adjacent baffle 28, and second.. ary sections 59h, SIb, 62h, adjacent rear wall Vapor delivered to primary inlet section 59a flows through the associated loops 51 into primary intermediate section 6| a and thence through associated loops 58 into primary outlet section 62a, thus completing a primary stage of superheating.

The initially superheated vapor is discharged from the bottom of the last named section through pipe 92 to regulating valve 93 from which a portion of the vapor may be directed through pipe 94, T 95, and pipe 96 to the secondary inlet section 59h for further superheating. Any remaining portion of the vapor from valve 93 is directed through pipe 91 to an at` temperatur 98 submerged within lower boiler drum 39. Desuperheated vapor is discharged from the attemperator through pipe |0| leading to T 95 in which desuperheated and initially superheated vapor portions are mingled for combined ow through pipe 96 into the end of secondary inlet section 59h Regulating valve 93 as shown is formed with a diaphragm |02 diametrically disposed above the level of pipe connection 91 and curved downwardly into contact with the housing below con- Inection 91. A damper |03 generally of the butter egcealeaff Y fly type is mounted-v adjacent the upper end'or diaphragm '|02' with its spindle |64 at right angles thereto', theldarnper comprising semicircular blades at right angles to each other at opposite sides of the diaphragm, the spindle having a handle secured thereto and being supported inbearingsV at opposite ends, both bearings'having suitable' structures associated therewith to preventleakage of Vapor.

`The attemperator inlet and outlet pipes 6'! and IUI enterv drum 39' through a specially formed drum section |01 which is circumferentially welded along opposite edges as at |08 to the main drum length |69 and drum head I I0, respectively, the insertY section |61 having oppositely disposed aligned integral push-out portions I I2 oiset from the central longitudinal drum axis and `of the required internal cross section to provide clearances'about pipes 91 andY IDI. Relatively thin metal cylinders or sleeves II3 are peripherally welded at their inner ends to the respective pushouts I|2, and at their outer ends |15 to the respective pipes V$1 and IUI, each sleeve at its inner 'end having an internal circular cross section substantially equal to that of a push-out I I2, and at its outer end, an internal circular cross -section corresponding tothe outer cross section of a pipe 91 or IUI. By lthis construction, uid tight joints are maintained between pipes 91 and Il! I and drum'39 under the severe conditions irnpos'e'd during service, due for example toV temper'ature differentials between the superheated vapor and the boiler liquid, and the wide'vari- Iations in vapor temperatures which may accompany the desuperheating process.

The attemperator 98r comprises circumferentially spaced bundles of horizontally disposed U- tubes I IB connected in parallel between inlet pipe 91 and outlet pipe |0I, the tube bundles'll extending, for example, beneath the first and secondgasv passes 3| and 32, and preferably to the exclusion of the last pass 33 in the region of downflow boiler tubes. through pipe 91 is conducted through inlet tubes I I1 and II8 to inlet boxes or headers I I9, thence through the respective U-tube bundles I IB to outlet boxes |20', and thence through outlet tubes |23 and |24' to outlet pipeV IUI. Each tube seat face |25 of junction boxes IIS and |26 is of hexagonal formation providing space for tubes II6 in three rows parallel to its longest straight margin |26, two rows having four-tubes each and the third row, two tubes.` Such a construction permits compact assembly of the inlet and outlet boxes I I9 and |20 of each bundle, and enables the entire attemperato'r assembly to be positioned, as shown, so as to minimize obstruction to liquid flow to and from tubes connected to the drum. The-provision of the non-radial pusheout nozzles ||2 for the inlet and outlet steam connections of the attemperator, when positioned at the bottom ofthe drum as shown, results in a clear space above` the horizontally Yextending attemperator tube loops affording a working accessto the lower ends of the boiler tubes.V An access man-hole l I I of adequate size in the adjacent drum head is also an advantageous feature of the'arrangement.

In a furnace of the character described where openings are required in walls` having closely spaced tubes, for inspection or lansing for example, the constructions shown in Figs. 16-21 may be employed to provide both theopening and a closure therefor. In detail, and referring nrstto Figs. 16-19, a lance'Y door construction fis shown in'conjunction'with contacting parallel Superheated vapor enteringV 8 tubes Ha associated 'withrear Wa11-|| of combustion chamber I6', the same general construction being applicable to other indicated locations in the same Wall or in other Walls of similar formation. Tube |3|` has a portion of its length bent outwardly from the row of Wall tubes IIa, 'as shown at |32 in Fig. 18, in a lplane oblique to the plane of the row at an angle of from 55 to 60` degrees, for example, vto provide the desired ex-- tent of wall opening |34. An Vadjoining tube |35 is similarly bent, although to a lesser degree, to

providev a straight length portion |36 displaced in.

wardly from the row, as shown in Fig. 17, `in a plane normal to the plane of the row, thereby dening the extent of intertube space required to laccommodate the obliquely positioned bent tube portion |32, the displaced portion |36 of tube |35 being maintained parallel to tubes IIa for a suflcient distance to clear the bends in tube |3I. For wall tubes of three inches outside diameter, as in the present embodiment, `each tube -bend is made on a centerline radiusof eighteen inches to provide both the outwardly displaced tube portion |32 and the inwardly displaced tube portion |36.

A plate |31 shaped as in Fig. 18 is welded t0 tube |3| along the curved plate edge |38 to substantially close the gap between the bent-out portion |32 of tube |3| and the bent-in portion |36 of tube |35, plate |31 having a straight edge |39 formed with slots I4I therein for resilient engagement with the straight length tube portion |36'. Plates |42 are welded to tube |3I, at the opposite side from plate |31, along the curved plate edges |43, to close the gap between tube bend |32 and tube Ila at the opposite side of opening |34 from tube |35, the plates |42 having horizontal edges |45 longitudinally separated along tube |31 a distance equal to the eiective height of opening |34 as determined by the height of the door frame opening |46. Each plate |42 is formed with a slotted straight edge |41 for resilient engagement with the associated wall tube IIa.

The closure unit for wall opening |34 includes an inner door frame casting` |49 formed with a longitudinal projection |56 havingra curved recess surface |5| against straight tube I Ia at one side of the opening, the body portion of the frame having a curved recess surface |52 conforming to and bearingagainst the bent-out tube Iportion |32 atA the opposite side of the opening. Inner frame |49 is secured to the wall by studs |53 and |54 ex tending through top and bottom flanges |56 and screwed into nuts |51 welded to wall tubes, each stud `|53 extending through a flange portion |58 parallel to the tube row andl engaging a nut welded to tube ||a adjacent the opening, and each Istud |54 extending through a flange portion |59 inclined to the tube row at about twenty degrees and engaging a nut welded to the displaced portion |36 of tube |315, the assembly including nuts |55 attached to the outer ends of the studs.

The outer frame ISI and horizontally swinging door |62 are of the type disclosed in U. S. Patent 2,383,032, J. Abe'rnethy, dated August 21, 1945, the door |62 having 'a latch |63 rotatable in a vertical plane and engaging catch |64 on the frame. In the specic form herein disclosed, door |62 is tted with an insulating plug |65 of unsymmetrical cross section extending va considerable distance into and substantially filling the door frame opening |46 to protectthef ade4 conforming to and bearing joining walls and door from furnace heat, the plug |65 comprising a sheet metal retainer |61 filled with suitable heat insulating material |68. The inner and outer door frames |49 and |6I are secured together by cap screws |69 and |1| along opposite sides, screws |69 at one side extending into outer frame |6| through side flanges |12 of inner frame |49, and screws |1| at the opposite side extending through a thicker body portion. Inner frame |49 includes an integral lug |13 extending into the outer frame opening closely adjacent a side wall thereof throughout the height of the opening.

It will be noted that the centerline of door frame opening |46 is laterally offset from the centerline of wall opening |34 toward the side occupied by wall tube Ha thereby rendering the described assembly particularly useful for lancing operations along an adjacent combustion chamber wall I4, for example, toward the side occupied by tube |35. For wall opening |14, for example, adjacent the opposite combustion chamber wall |3, the inner frame |49 and plug |65 are assembled in laterally reversed positions, with the positions of tubes Ila and |35 defining the opening correspondingly reversed.

Figs. 20 and 21 illustrate a modified construction wherein inner frame |49a is secured to straight tubes la at opposite sides of wall opening |34, thereby simplifying fabrication and assembly of the frame required. Tubes |3| and |35 are displaced from the row as before and similarly received in frame recesses |5| and |52. In this form, the flange portion |59a is in a plane with flange portion |58 parallel to the tube row, and studs |53 of equal lengths are inserted through holes therein for securing the frame to straight tubes la at opposite sides of the wall opening, there being no attachment to the displaced portion |36 of tube |35.k Cap screws |69 and |1| extend through holes |16 and |11 respectively for securing inner frame |4941 to outer frame |6I.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes I have illustrated and described herein the best forms of my invention now known to me, those skilled in the art will understand that changes may be made in the form of the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of the invention covered by my claims, and that certain features of my invention may sometimes be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

I claim:

1. In a boiler having front, rear and opposing side walls defining a setting of rectangular cross section, said boiler having a combustion chamber throughout the height of said setting and having a boiler tube space of less height than said chamber and laterally adjoining said chamber at elevations confined to the upper part of said setting, an upper drum and a lower drum adjacent the upper and lower boundaries of said space, a bank of upright tubes within said space extending between and connected to said drums, tubes connected to said upper drum and extending downwardly therefrom along opposing lower side wall portions of said combustion chamber at elevations below said lower drum, and downcomer means separately connecting said lower drum to the lower ends of said side wall tubes, a group of said side wall tubes having upper portions dening a partition separating said space from said combustion chamber, said partition extending rearwardly from said front wall and terminating short of said'rear wall to provide a gas ilow passage from said chamber into said space, another group of said side wall tubes having upper portions spaced apart across said gas flow passage, said side walls and associated tubes being arranged in downwardly converging relationship below the level of said lower drum to form a fluid cooled ash discharge hopper.

2. In a boiler having an upper drum and a lower drum, a bank of upright tubes connecting said drums, means defining a combustion chamber laterally adjoining the space containing said tubes, said chamber and space having a front and a rear wall in common, baille means extending transversely of said tube bank space and arranged to direct gases from said chamber in successive passes transversely of said tubes, said chamber defining means including tubes connected to said upper drum and extending downwardly therefrom to elevations lower than said lower drum, said last named ytubes having lower portions arranged in rows at center-to-center spacings substantially equal to their diameters and associated with opposing side wall boundaries of said combustion chamber extending from said front to said rear wall at said lower elevations, and downcomer means separately connecting one of said drums to the lower ends of tubes associated with the respective opposing walls, a group of said last named tubes in one wall having upper portions disposed in a row extending from said front wall at spacings corresponding to the spacings of said lower portions and forming a partition separating said tube bank space from the upper portion of said combustion chamber, said partition terminating short of said rear wall to provide communication between the upper portion of said combustion chamber and the first of said passes throughout a major portion of the height of the space between said drums, the remaining last named tubes in said one wall having upper portions spaced apart in rows across the entrance to said first gas pass, one of said side walls having a lower end portion inclined downwardly toward the opposing side wall to form a iluid cooled ash hopper bottom for said chamber.

IVAR L. LANGVAND.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 323,882 Pratt Aug. 4, 1885 1,035,677 Bascom Aug. 13, 1912 1,119,318 Rosenthal Dec. 1, 1914 1,999,982 Schmidt Apr. 30, 1935 1,999,984 Bailey et al Apr. 30, 1935 2,084,739 Mayo June 22, 1937 2,159,557 Heller May 23, 1939 2,186,919 Bailey Jan. 9, 1940 2,219,842 Heller v Oct. 29, 1940 2,241,932 Rehm May 13, 1941 2,333,631 Bailey et al Nov. 9, 1943 2,333,644 Ebbets et al. Nov. 9, 1943 2,343,895 Frisch Mar. 14, 1944 2,415,068 Andrew Feb. 4, 1947 2,429,976 Bailey Nov. 4, 1947 OTHER REFERENCES B & W Publication, entitled Central Station Boilers of November 1938, pages 24 and 25, Fig. 25, and pages 48 and 49, Fig. 27. 

